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Are 8 hours of sleep really necessary?

Agata Roman

Published: 14/02/2024

Throughout history, there have been countless studies on sleep, looking at the various facets of the topic and exploring similar yet different realms of human psychology. However, something that connects the works of these scientists (such as when Allan Rechtschaffen and Anthony Kales , known for 

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publishing a guide to determine the stages of sleep in 1968 or when Dr. Aaron Lerner discovered that melatonin is a key hormone as it regulates sleep in 1958 (1)) is that they have all aimed to try and grasp snippets of knowledge on why this simple action that we all do every day is so significant. Scientists have tried to answer queries such as: What happens when we sleep? Why do we need to sleep? And how long should we sleep? Today we will be taking a closer look at a commonly asked question: Are eight hours of sleep really necessary?

It is widely known that sleep is vital to our health, happiness, and cognitive abilities. It is undeniable that by sleeping you are contributing to maintaining your physical and mental health at sustainable levels. When sleeping, your body is able to grow and repair itself, and your brain is able to process and remember memories; this is done to help you prepare for the day ahead. Furthermore, the amount of sleep you get also affects your cardiovascular system, immune system, and metabolism (2). When you enter non-REM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, your blood pressure and heart rate fall. Your parasympathetic system (which is the sector of your nervous system that keeps your body in a “rest and digest”(3) state) takes over control of your body and allows your heart to relax; this contributes to maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. Regular sleep also allows you to avoid health problems such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and strokes. Furthermore, sleep also allows your immune system to work and, therefore, combat infections. Your metabolism also benefits if you get the correct amount of sleep. For example, a proper and stable circadian clock ensures that your liver is able to digest fats at suitable times. Sleeping for an appropriate amount of time also helps you avoid an increased risk of developing health issues such as a diminished ability to respond to insulin, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (4) (which is a grouping of conditions that can increase susceptibility to diseases like coronary heart disease, diabetes, and stroke(5)). Despite such insights, we are still left with the question, “How long should we sleep to be able to profit off of these benefits?” unanswered.

1.  Rosenberg, Carl. “The History of Sleep Study | Blog.” Sleep Health Solutions, 22 April 2019, https://www.sleephealthsolutionsohio.com/blog/history-of-sleep-research/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “How Sleep Works - Why Is Sleep Important?” NHLBI, 24 March 2022, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important. Accessed 12 February 2024.

3. Tindle, Jacob, and Prasanna Tadi. “Neuroanatomy, Parasympathetic Nervous System - StatPearls.” NCBI, 31 October 2022, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553141/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

4. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “How Sleep Works - Why Is Sleep Important?” NHLBI, 24 March 2022, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important. Accessed 12 February 2024.

5.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “Metabolic Syndrome - What Is Metabolic Syndrome?” NHLBI, 18 May 2022, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/metabolic-syndrome. Accessed 12 February 2024.

The first thing we need to understand when trying to answer this question is that not everyone needs to sleep for the same length of time. Different people have different sleep requirements, more specifically such needs differ by one’s age. We can understand this by taking a look at the sleep duration recommendations by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. They recommend that: infants from 4-12 months of age should sleep 12-16 hours (considering diurnal naps), 1-2 year old children should sleep 11-14 hours (considering naps), 3-5 year old children should sleep 10-13 hours (also considering naps), children aged 6-12 should sleep 9-12 hours, teenagers should sleep for 8-10 hours, and adults should aim to sleep for 7 hours or more (6). These recommendations are also supported by the National Sleep Foundation (as can be seen in figure 2(7)). It must be noted that, even though the values vary slightly, the general trend is the same. However, these recommendations may not be optimal for everybody. For example, if you are sick you should be sleeping

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your body has the opportunity to rest and regenerate. On the other hand, some people may be absolutely fine even if they sleep less than the recommended optimum. An individual’s ideal sleep time is influenced by various factors such as genetics, behavioral traits, the environment, and any medical conditions they may have.(8) 

6. Hennings, Bailey. “Sleep FAQs.” Sleep Education, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 4 May 2021, https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-faqs/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

7. Hirshkowitz, Max et al. “National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.” Sleep health vol. 1,1 (2015): 40-43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010

8. Hennings, Bailey. “Sleep FAQs.” Sleep Education, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 4 May 2021, https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-faqs/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

more - regardless of your age - so that

In short, this myth has proved to be incorrect. Eight hours of sleep are not actually necessary, but this measure can still serve as a pretty good guideline for the adult population. As said above, the amount of sleep each individual should get depends on several factors such as age, environmental conditions and genetics. 

Overall, decent sleep keeps your body and mind healthy and it should be prioritised at most. 

Therefore, listen to professionals’ advice, learn from them, and use them to enhance the quality of your lifestyle!

                                                                 Works Cited

Casper Editorial Team. “How to Sleep Through the Night: 26 Tips To Wake Up Refreshed.” Casper, 12 August 2022, https://casper.com/blog/how-to-sleep-through-the-night/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

eos Sleep Editors. “How Much Sleep by Age, Recommended by the National Sleep Foundation.” eos Sleep, 12 February 2015, https://www.eossleep.com/2015/02/12/national-sleep-foundation-updates-recommended-sleep-times-for-different-ages/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

Hennings, Bailey. “Sleep FAQs.” Sleep Education, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 4 May 2021, https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-faqs/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

Hirshkowitz, Max et al. “National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.” Sleep health vol. 1,1 (2015): 40-43. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “How Sleep Works - Why Is Sleep Important?” NHLBI, 24 March 2022, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important. Accessed 12 February 2024.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. “Metabolic Syndrome - What Is Metabolic Syndrome?” NHLBI, 18 May 2022, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/metabolic-syndrome. Accessed 12 February 2024.

Rosenberg, Carl. “The History of Sleep Study | Blog.” Sleep Health Solutions, 22 April 2019, https://www.sleephealthsolutionsohio.com/blog/history-of-sleep-research/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

Tindle, Jacob, and Prasanna Tadi. “Neuroanatomy, Parasympathetic Nervous System - StatPearls.” NCBI, 31 October 2022, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553141/. Accessed 12 February 2024.

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